Substructure/Tower/Pneumatic Caisson/Fabrication
 
The weight of the steel caisson was limited so that the steel caisson could be lifted and transported to the site. The caisson fabricated at the shop was equipped with the reinforcements, shafts, and monitoring instruments. The steel caisson is the form for concrete placement.

After sinking, water tightness was required until the concrete was poured up to the top of the caisson. Now that the base (cutting edge and slab) and the sidewall (cut-off wall) were made of the steel plate, the plates were stiffened with equally spaced lattice girders.
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The lattice girders are supported by truss. To keep the shape of the steel caisson, supporting beams, sway bracing and lateral bracing constituted the caisson. The steel caisson was designed to withstand static water pressure, wave pressure, wind pressure and dynamic water pressure due to earthquake until the poured concrete hardened.
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Structure of Steel Caisson(Plan view)