Substructure/Abutment and pier
  The shape of of piers was decided in consideration of superstructure and width, economical efficiency, the beauty, drainage section and construction efficiency. The temperature distribution and thermal stress by heat of hydration during the construction of the pier foundation and the copping were predicted and measured. For casting of foundation which had high degree of external binding, pipe cooling was conducted for 2 or 3 days after casting. Heated water from pipe cooling was spread on the surface of concrete to minimize the temperature difference between inside and outside of concrete. For copping, no paticular heat reduction method was applied because the degree of external binding was low and thermal stress was below the tensile strength.
 
VIew of Substructure Construction
Fabrication of the Reinforcements for the Well
Fabrication of the Reinforcements for the Foundation
Assembly of the Forms
Casting of the Pier
Casting of the Copping
Completed Piers for theRamp
Completion of the Pier Construction